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baumhaus.digital/Art, Cognition, Education/Introduction to Psychology: On Anima and other Archetypes/Philosophy/Islamic Philosophy

Soul (ู†ูŽูู’ุณ, *nafs*) is a spiritual, immaterial substance.

Influenced by Aristotle, Neoplatonism, and Qur’anic revelation.

Avicenna: soul is simple, incorporeal, and individuated at creation.

Soul progresses through stages: vegetative, animal, rational.

Mystical traditions (e.g., Sufism) focus on purification of the soul.

Philosophical arguments for immortality and resurrection abound.

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